Explore the history of the Quran’s compilation, from its revelation to the standardization process overseen by Caliph Uthman. Understand how the Quran was preserved and unified into the sacred text we know today.
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Unveiling the History: When Was the Quran Compiled?
Understanding the compilation of the Quran is a question many Muslims ponder, reflecting a deep interest in the origins of their holy book. The Quran, revealed over approximately 23 years from 610 CE to 632 CE, was completed during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Prophet Muhammad received the Quranic revelations from the angel Gabriel in Arabic, and his companions recorded these on various materials such as parchments, palm leaves, and bones.
The task of compiling the Quran into a single, standardized volume was undertaken by the third Caliph of Islam, Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), around 650 CE. Recognizing the need for a consistent version amidst the spread of Islam, Uthman appointed a committee of scholars to oversee the creation of multiple copies of the Quran. This effort aimed to maintain accuracy and unity within the growing Muslim community.
Many Muslims also wonder about:
- Who wrote the Quran and when was it written?
- How was the Quran revealed and compiled?
- What were the stages of its compilation?
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Who Wrote the Quran and When?
The Quran was not penned by a single human author. Instead, it was revealed orally to Prophet Muhammad, who conveyed it to his companions. These revelations were memorized and recorded on various materials. The official compilation into a single written text was completed after the Prophet’s passing, overseen by Uthman ibn Affan around 650 CE, to ensure the text’s consistency and accuracy.
The Revelation and Compilation Process
The Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel over 23 years. The revelations were shared orally and memorized by his companions. After Prophet Muhammad’s death, Uthman ibn Affan initiated the standardization process to unify the scattered texts and oral traditions into one authoritative version.
Stages of Quran Compilation
- Oral Transmission During Prophet Muhammad’s Lifetime: The Quran was revealed and memorized by companions, preserving it through oral transmission.
- Compilation During Abu Bakr’s Caliphate: Following the Prophet’s death, Abu Bakr commissioned the compilation of written sources and oral traditions into a master copy.
- Standardization Under Uthman ibn Affan: Around 650 CE, Uthman oversaw the standardization of the Quranic text, ensuring consistency across the Islamic empire.
These stages ensured the Quran’s preservation and consistency, reinforcing its role as an unaltered source of divine guidance.
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