In Islamic theology, divine will (Irada) refers to God’s eternal, all-encompassing, and sovereign desire or intention. The concept has far-reaching implications:

*Key Aspects:*

1. God’s Omnipotence: Irada emphasizes God’s absolute power and control over creation.
2. Predestination (Qadar): Divine will encompasses predestination, where God’s decree governs all events.
3. Human Free Will: Islam balances divine will with human free will, allowing individuals to choose actions.
4. Tawakkul (Trust in God): Believers trust in God’s wise and just will.

*Theological Implications:*

1. Sovereignty of God: Irada reaffirms God’s absolute authority and dominion.
2. Destiny and Fate: Divine will governs individual and collective destinies.
3. Human Responsibility: Despite divine will, humans are accountable for choices.
4. Worship and Obedience: Recognizing divine will inspires devotion and submission.
5. Justice and Wisdom: God’s will is considered just and wise, even if beyond human understanding.

*Islamic Schools of Thought:*

1. Ash’ari: Emphasizes divine will, predestination, and human free will.
2. Maturidi: Balances divine will with human free will and moral responsibility.
3. Mu’tazili: Highlights human free will and moral accountability.

*Quranic References:*

1. “And Allah’s command is decreed” (33:38).
2. “Verily, We have created all things with Qadar” (54:49).
3. “And Allah’s will is always done” (6:125).

*Prophetic Sayings:*

1. “The first thing Allah created was the Pen, and He said, ‘Write!’ It wrote all that will occur until the Day of Judgment” (Tirmidhi).
2. “There is no power nor might except with Allah” (Bukhari).

*Scholarly Works:*

1. Al-Ghazali’s “The Incoherence of the Philosophers”
2. Ibn Taymiyyah’s “Kitab al-Qadar”
3. Al-Maturidi’s “Kitab al-Tawhid”

Understanding divine will in Islam provides insight into God’s nature, human agency, and the complexities of predestination and free will.

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