Islamic law (Shariah) addresses intellectual property and copyright through the principles of:
1. Ownership and possession (Milkiyah)
2. Protection of intangible rights (Haq al-Maal)
3. Prohibition of theft and cheating (Haram)
Scholars derive guidelines from:
1. Quranic verses (e.g., 17:13, 23:51)
2. Hadith (e.g., “Knowledge is the lost property of the believer”)
3. Analogy (Qiyas) with physical property rights
Key concepts:
1. Intellectual property rights are recognized and protected
2. Creators have exclusive rights over their work
3. Permission required for use or reproduction
4. Fair compensation for use or reproduction
However, Islamic law prioritizes the greater good and allows for:
1. Fair use (e.g., education, research)
2. Compulsory licensing (e.g., pharmaceuticals)
3. Public domain (e.g., classical works)
Scholars continue to debate and refine these principles in the context of modern intellectual property laws.