The rules for fasting during Ramadan are as follows:

1. _Start and end times_: Fasting begins at dawn (Fajr) and ends at sunset (Maghrib).

2. _Abstinence from food and drink_: Refrain from consuming any food, drink, or substances that enter the body.

3. _Exemptions_:

– Children under puberty

– Pregnant or breastfeeding women (with conditions)

– Travelers (with conditions)

– Sick individuals (with conditions)

– Elderly or chronically ill (with conditions)

4. _Invalidators of fasting_:

– Eating or drinking intentionally

– Sexual relations

– Intentional vomiting

– Menstruation or postpartum bleeding

– Injection or transfusion of substances

5. _Actions allowed during fasting_:

– Brushing teeth or using mouthwash

– Using eye drops or ear drops

– Taking injections or vaccinations

– Applying perfumes or deodorants

6. _Nightly prayers and Quran recitation_: Encouraged to perform Tarawih prayers and recite Quran.

7. _Breaking fast_: After sunset, break fast with dates or water, followed by a meal.

8. _Making up missed fasts_: Required for those who missed fasting due to exemptions or invalidators.

9. _Fasting during menstruation or postpartum bleeding_: Prohibited; make up days later.

10. _Intention and sincerity_: Fast with the intention of pleasing Allah and seeking spiritual growth.

Remember, consult with a scholar or medical professional for specific guidance on fasting during Ramadan.