Key differences between Islamic and Western philosophical traditions:

*Metaphysics and Epistemology*

Islamic:

1. Tawhid (Unity of God): Emphasis on monotheism.
2. Revelation: Quran and Hadith as sources of knowledge.
3. Divine guidance: Emphasis on prophetic wisdom.

Western:

1. Monotheism vs. Polytheism: Diverse views on God’s existence.
2. Reason and empiricism: Emphasis on human intellect.
3. Secularism: Separation of faith and philosophy.

*Ethics and Morality*

Islamic:

1. Shariah (Divine Law): Guidance for moral conduct.
2. Five Pillars: Foundation for moral practice.
3. Compassion and justice: Emphasis on social responsibility.

Western:

1. Humanism: Emphasis on human dignity and rights.
2. Utilitarianism: Greatest happiness for the greatest number.
3. Moral relativism: Context-dependent ethics.

*Human Nature and Purpose*

Islamic:

1. Fitrah (Human nature): Created to serve Allah.
2. Maqasid (Purpose): Achieving spiritual growth.
3. Akhirah (Afterlife): Focus on eternal consequences.

Western:

1. Rationalism: Emphasis on human reason.
2. Individualism: Focus on personal freedom.
3. Hedonism: Pursuit of happiness.

*Logic and Reasoning*

Islamic:

1. Ilm al-Kalam (Theology): Use of reason to understand faith.
2. Analogical reasoning: Qiyas (analogical reasoning).
3. Scriptural interpretation: Tafsir (Quranic exegesis).

Western:

1. Aristotelian logic: Emphasis on deductive reasoning.
2. Empiricism: Emphasis on sensory experience.
3. Scientific method: Experimentation and observation.

*Influence and Interactions*

Islamic:

1. Greek and Persian influences: Integration of foreign ideas.
2. Sufism: Mystical dimensions of Islamic thought.
3. Islamic Golden Age: Contributions to Western philosophy.

Western:

1. Ancient Greek and Roman influences: Foundation for Western thought.
2. Enlightenment: Emphasis on reason and individualism.
3. Modernity: Critique of traditional authority.

*Key Figures*

Islamic:

1. Al-Kindi
2. Al-Farabi
3. Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
4. Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
5. Al-Ghazali

Western:

1. Plato
2. Aristotle
3. Immanuel Kant
4. Friedrich Nietzsche
5. Jean-Paul Sartre

*Recommended Resources*

1. “The History of Islamic Philosophy” by Majid Fakhry
2. “The Cambridge Companion to Islamic Theology” edited by Tim Winter
3. “The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy” edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke
4. “The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy” edited by Richard C. Taylor and Luis Xavier López-Farjeat

Would you like more information on Islamic philosophy or comparative philosophy?