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Here are the key differences between Islamic and Western approaches to governance and politics:

*Islamic Approach:*

1. Divine Sovereignty: Allah is considered the ultimate authority.

2. Sharia Law: Islamic law based on Quran and Hadith.

3. Caliphate/Imamate: Leadership by a righteous leader.

4. Consultation (Shura): Collective decision-making.

5. Justice and Equality: Emphasis on fairness and social justice.

6. Accountability: Leaders accountable to Allah and the people.

*Western Approach:*

1. Popular Sovereignty: People are the ultimate authority.

2. Secular Law: Separation of church and state.

3. Democracy: Representative government.

4. Individual Rights: Emphasis on personal freedoms.

5. Separation of Powers: Checks and balances.

6. Accountability: Leaders accountable to the people through elections.

*Key Differences:*

1. Source of Authority: Divine vs. Human.

2. Role of Religion: Integral vs. Separate.

3. Leadership: Theocratic vs. Democratic.

4. Decision-Making: Collective vs. Representative.

5. Priorities: Social Justice vs. Individual Rights.

*Islamic Governance Models:*

1. Caliphate (Ottoman Empire)

2. Imamate (Shia Iran)

3. Islamic Democracy (Turkey, Indonesia)

4. Monarchy (Saudi Arabia)

*Western Governance Models:*

1. Liberal Democracy (USA, UK)

2. Social Democracy (Scandinavia)

3. Constitutional Monarchy (UK, Canada)

4. Republic (France, Germany)

*Challenges and Debates:*

1. Compatibility of Islam and democracy.

2. Role of Sharia law in modern governance.

3. Balance between individual rights and social justice.

4. Islamic responses to Western-style globalization.

*Notable Thinkers:*

Islamic:

1. Al-Mawardi (Islamic political theory)

2. Ibn Khaldun (Islamic historiography)

3. Sayyid Qutb (Islamic revivalism)

Western:

1. John Locke (social contract theory)

2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (general will)

3. John Rawls (liberal justice)

Keep in mind that these differences are not absolute and can vary across different Islamic and Western contexts.

Would you like more information on specific aspects or comparisons?

Sumaira Imtaiz Answered question October 31, 2024
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