The key differences between Islamic and Western approaches to governance and politics lie in their foundational principles and objectives. Islamic governance is based on Sharia (Islamic law) and emphasizes moral guidance, social justice, and accountability to God, with leaders expected to uphold religious and ethical values. In contrast, Western governance, particularly in secular democracies, focuses on human rights, individual freedoms, and separation of religion and state, with laws and policies shaped by public opinion and democratic institutions rather than religious mandates.