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Islamic and Western approaches to governance and politics differ in several key areas:

1. **Foundation and Legitimacy**:

– **Islamic Governance**: Islamic political theory is grounded in religious principles. Governance is often seen as a divine mandate, with laws and policies derived from the Quran and Hadith (traditions of the Prophet Muhammad). The concept of Sharia (Islamic law) plays a central role.

– **Western Governance**: Western political systems are typically based on secular principles, with governance structures grounded in democratic values and legal frameworks that separate religion from the state. Authority is derived from the consent of the governed and is usually outlined in constitutions or legal codes.

2. **Law and Legal System**:

– **Islamic Law**: In Islamic governance, Sharia is the primary source of law, covering both public and private aspects of life. It encompasses a wide range of issues from criminal justice to personal conduct.

– **Western Law**: Western legal systems are usually based on secular legal codes, which are subject to change through democratic processes. Laws are designed to be inclusive and flexible, accommodating diverse beliefs and values.

3. **Role of Religion**:

– **Islamic Governance**: Religion plays an integral role in the political and legal spheres. Leaders are often expected to uphold Islamic values and ensure that policies align with religious teachings.

– **Western Governance**: There is typically a separation between religion and state affairs. While personal beliefs may influence political leaders, official policies and laws are crafted independently of religious doctrines.

4. **Leadership and Authority**:

– **Islamic Governance**: Leadership may be seen as a form of stewardship with a divine or religious basis. Historical models include the Caliphate, where leaders were expected to govern in accordance with Islamic principles.

– **Western Governance**: Leadership is generally democratic or republican, with leaders elected by the people or appointed through formal political processes. Authority is based on legal frameworks and political mandates rather than religious endorsement.

5. **Political Participation**:

– **Islamic Governance**: The methods of political participation can vary, but historically, governance in Islamic contexts often involved consultative processes (Shura) within the bounds of Islamic principles.

– **Western Governance**: Political participation is typically characterized by democratic processes, such as elections and representation, allowing for a broad range of political opinions and pluralism.

6. **Economic Principles**:

– **Islamic Governance**: Economic policies are influenced by Islamic principles such as the prohibition of interest (riba) and emphasis on ethical trade practices and social justice.

– **Western Governance**: Economic policies in Western systems are often guided by capitalist principles, with a focus on market efficiency, competition, and private enterprise, although there can be significant variations depending on the specific political and economic context.

These differences highlight the diverse ways in which governance and political systems can be structured, reflecting distinct cultural, religious, and historical contexts.

Arham asif Answered question August 28, 2024
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