Islamic and Western approaches to ethical philosophy have distinct differences:

1. *Sources of Morality*:

– Islamic ethics: Revelation (Quran, Hadith), reason, and tradition.

– Western ethics: Reason, human nature, and social contract.

2. *Concept of God*:

– Islamic ethics: One, all-powerful, merciful God (Allah) who guides human morality.

– Western ethics: Often focuses on human reason, with some philosophers arguing for a deity or higher power.

3. *Human Nature*:

– Islamic ethics: Humans are born with a natural inclination towards good (fitrah) but may sin due to ignorance or weakness.

– Western ethics: Humans are often seen as inherently self-interested or flawed, with some philosophers arguing for human goodness.

4. *Moral Objectives*:

– Islamic ethics: Emphasizes the Five Maqasid (purposes) of Shariah: preserving life, religion, intellect, progeny, and wealth.

– Western ethics: Focuses on individual rights, happiness, and the greater good.

5. *Ethical Frameworks*:

– Islamic ethics: Uses the concepts of halal (permissible) and haram (forbidden) to guide actions.

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