The key differences between Islamic and secular approaches to morality revolve primarily around the sources of moral guidance, the nature of moral obligations, and the ultimate purpose of ethical behavior. Below are some of the core distinctions:
1. Source of Moral Authority

• Islamic Approach: In Islam, morality is grounded in divine revelation, primarily the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (Hadith). Muslims believe that moral standards are not subjective or human-made but rather derive from God (Allah). The divine command theory holds that actions are moral because God has commanded them, and disobedience is sinful.
• Secular Approach: Secular morality, on the other hand, is based on human reasoning, empirical observation, and often consensus-based ethical principles. Secular moral systems may be grounded in human rights, social contracts, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, or deontological frameworks, but they do not rely on a supernatural or divine source. Instead, moral norms are often shaped by cultural, social, and philosophical factors.