In Islamic spirituality, Nafs (self) has multiple interpretations, reflecting its complex and multifaceted nature.

*Main Interpretations:*

1. *Nafs al-Ammara* (Commanding Self): Inclines towards evil, driven by desires and passions (Quran 12:53).

2. *Nafs al-Lawwama* (Blaming Self): Recognizes and regrets sins, seeking self-improvement (Quran 75:2).

3. *Nafs al-Mutmainna* (Tranquil Self): At peace, content, and surrendered to Allah’s will (Quran 89:27).

*Other Perspectives:*

1. *Nafs al-Mulk* (Ruling Self): Dominant aspect, governing thoughts and actions.

2. *Nafs al-Qudra* (Powerful Self): Inner strength, enabling spiritual growth.

3. *Nafs al-Ruh* (Soulful Self): Connection to divine spirit, inspiring spiritual aspirations.

*Sufi and Mystical Views:*

1. *Al-Ghazali*: Nafs as a barrier to spiritual growth, requiring purification.

2. *Ibn Arabi*: Nafs as a reflection of divine attributes, requiring self-realization.

3. *Rumi*: Nafs as a journey towards spiritual maturity, through love and self-awareness.

*Key Concepts:*

1. *Tazkiyah*: Purification of Nafs through self-reflection and spiritual practices.

2. *Tahdhib*: Refining Nafs through moral and ethical development.

3. *Ma’rifa*: Spiritual knowledge and self-awareness.

*Quranic Verses:*

1. “And I swear by the self, which is a reproach to itself” (75:2).

2. “And indeed, with yourself, there is a witness” (89:27).

3. “And follow the best of what has been revealed to you from your Lord” (39:55).

*Prophetic Hadiths:*

1. “Your worst enemy is your Nafs.”

2. “He who knows himself, knows Allah.”

3. “Purify your Nafs, and you will purify your actions.”

*Spiritual Practices:*

1. Self-reflection and introspection.

2. Prayer, fasting, and charity.

3. Dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and contemplation.

4. Seeking guidance from spiritual mentors.

Understanding Nafs is essential for Islamic spiritual growth, enabling individuals to recognize and overcome their inner struggles, and cultivate a more refined and tranquil self.