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1. _Quranic perspective_: Nafs refers to the soul or the essence of a human being, created by Allah.

2. _Sufi perspective_: Nafs is seen as the ego or the lower self, which must be purified and surrendered to Allah.

3. _Philosophical perspective_: Nafs is viewed as the rational soul, responsible for intellect and wisdom.

4. _Psychological perspective_: Nafs represents the human psyche, encompassing emotions, thoughts, and desires.

5. _Spiritual perspective_: Nafs is seen as a spark of the divine, capable of spiritual growth and self-realization.

6. _Ibn Sina’s perspective_: Nafs is a single entity with multiple aspects: vegetative, animal, and rational.

7. _Ibn Arabi’s perspective_: Nafs is a complex entity with multiple levels, including the universal and individual self.

8. _Al-Ghazali’s perspective_: Nafs is a dynamic entity, constantly struggling between good and evil.

These interpretations highlight the complexity and depth of the concept of Nafs in Islamic philosophy, encompassing spiritual, psychological, and philosophical dimensions.

Natasha Asalm Answered question August 29, 2024
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