In Islam, zakat is a mandatory form of charity that Muslims are required to give, typically calculated as 2.5% of one’s qualifying savings and wealth annually. However, the obligation to pay zakat is dependent on specific conditions, one of which is the possession of wealth above a certain threshold known as the nisab.

If a Person is in Debt and Unable to Pay Zakat:

1. Priority of Debt Repayment:
• If a person is in debt and their debt significantly reduces their wealth, such that they do not possess wealth above the nisab after accounting for their debts, they are not obligated to pay zakat. Debt repayment takes precedence because zakat is only obligatory on wealth that is free from liabilities.
2. Nisab Calculation:
• The nisab is the minimum amount of wealth a Muslim must possess before zakat becomes due. When calculating their wealth for zakat, a person should deduct any outstanding debts. If, after deducting these debts, their remaining wealth is below the nisab, they are not required to pay zakat.
3. Intention and Future Payment:
• If the person’s financial situation improves and they possess wealth above the nisab in the future, they should calculate and pay zakat accordingly. The intention to pay zakat should be made when one has the means, but there is no obligation when the financial threshold has not been met.

Summary:

A person in debt who, after accounting for their debts, does not have wealth above the nisab, is not required to pay zakat. Islam recognizes the burden of debt and ensures that the financial obligations of a person in debt are not compounded by the obligation to pay zakat. The focus should be on settling debts, and zakat becomes obligatory only when one’s financial situation allows.