In Islam, the obligation to fast during Ramadan is significant, but it is also understood that there are circumstances where it can become particularly challenging or even detrimental to one’s health. If a Muslim finds fasting during Ramadan to be extremely difficult due to extreme weather conditions or long daylight hours, they should consider the following options based on Islamic teachings:

1. **Health and Well-being:** Islam prioritizes the health and well-being of individuals. If fasting poses a serious risk to one’s health, it is permissible to refrain from fasting. This includes situations where extreme weather or long fasting hours could lead to dehydration, heatstroke, or other health issues.

2. **Alternative Observance:** Those who are unable to fast due to health reasons should make up for the missed fasts later when conditions are more manageable. This is usually done by fasting on other days outside of Ramadan.

3. **Fidya (Compensation):** If fasting is not possible due to ongoing health issues, or if it would be too difficult to make up the fasts later, one can give fidya, which involves providing food to those in need. This is an alternative for those who cannot fast due to valid reasons.

4. **Local Guidance:** Seek guidance from local Islamic scholars or authorities who are familiar with the specific challenges faced in your region. They can provide tailored advice and may offer practical solutions that align with Islamic principles and the local context.

5. **Adaptation:** In some cases, there may be flexibility in the way fasting is observed, such as adjusting the times for suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and iftar (meal to break the fast) if feasible, to better manage the extended daylight hours.

The key is to ensure that any decision made is in line with both the religious obligations and the individual’s health and safety. Islam provides flexibility and compassion in such matters, recognizing the diverse conditions Muslims may face around the world.