In Islamic jurisprudence, truthfulness in testimony is a fundamental obligation, as bearing false witness is considered a serious sin. However, the approach to providing testimony, especially in cases where telling the truth could lead to significant harm or injustice, requires a nuanced understanding of Islamic ethics, which balances the principles of truthfulness and the avoidance of harm.
Key Principles to Consider

1. Duty to Truthfulness and Justice:
   • The Qur’an emphasizes the importance of truth in testimony, even if it is against oneself or one’s kin: “And do not conceal testimony, for whoever conceals it—his heart is indeed sinful…” (Qur’an 2:283). The commitment to truth is closely linked to upholding justice, which is a central tenet of Islamic law.
   • Truthfulness is not only about telling the factual truth but also ensuring that justice is served. Scholars generally agree that if the truth leads directly to harm or injustice, the situation may require careful consideration.
2. Prevention of Harm (Darar):
   • The principle of “La darar wa la dirar” (no harm, and no reciprocating harm) serves as a guiding rule in Islamic ethics. If a truthful testimony could lead to unfair harm or unintended consequences, scholars might suggest examining the broader implications.
   • For instance, if providing the truth leads to more harm than benefit, it may be permissible to withhold information to avoid direct harm, as long as it does not lead to greater injustice.
3. Weighing the Greater Good (Maslahah):
   • Islamic ethics also weigh individual and societal benefits and harms through the concept of “maslahah.” In cases where providing full details could cause harm or lead to greater injustice, some scholars suggest prioritizing the general welfare (maslahah), especially if it protects innocent parties from undue harm.
   • In practice, this might mean consulting a qualified Islamic scholar who can help determine the best course of action, balancing honesty with considerations of potential consequences.
4. Seeking Guidance from Scholars:
   • Since such cases often involve complex moral and legal considerations, seeking guidance from knowledgeable scholars is recommended. Scholars can consider the context, assess any potential harm, and provide counsel based on Islamic legal principles.
5. Prayer for Guidance (Istikhara):
   • When facing morally challenging situations, Muslims are also encouraged to seek clarity through istikhara, or the prayer for guidance. This practice involves asking Allah for help in making a decision aligned with divine wisdom and justice.