Islamic law, or Sharia, addresses financial ethics in modern economies through principles derived from Islamic teachings. Key aspects include:

1. Prohibition of Riba (Usury): Riba, or interest, is strictly prohibited. This principle aims to ensure that transactions are fair and that wealth is not unjustly accumulated at the expense of others.
2. Risk Sharing: Islamic finance promotes risk-sharing over risk-transfer. Financial contracts should involve shared risk and profit, aligning the interests of all parties involved.
3. Prohibition of Gharar (Uncertainty): Transactions with excessive uncertainty or ambiguity are forbidden. This principle seeks to prevent exploitation and ensure transparency in financial dealings.
4. Ethical Investments: Investments should be in ventures that are socially responsible and do not involve activities prohibited by Islamic law, such as alcohol, gambling, or tobacco.
5. Zakat (Charity): A portion of wealth (usually 2.5% of savings) must be given to charity, ensuring wealth is redistributed to support the less fortunate.

These principles are designed to promote fairness, transparency, and ethical conduct in financial transactions within modern economies.