Islam guides the governance and political structures of an Islamic state through principles outlined in the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Key elements include justice, consultation (Shura), accountability, and the welfare of the people. The leader, often referred to as a caliph or imam, is expected to uphold Islamic law (Sharia), protect the rights of citizens, and ensure equity and social justice while being accountable to the people and God.