Identify the harms: Clearly assess the potential harms each option entails. Consider both immediate and future consequences. Who will be affected, and how?

Evaluate alternatives: Even if the situation feels like a binary choice, it may be helpful to brainstorm other potential solutions or compromises that could reduce harm.

Principles of harm reduction: Prioritize the option that results in the least overall harm, and consider the severity and scale of harm each action causes.

Consider ethical frameworks: Different ethical perspectives can offer guidance. For example:

Utilitarianism: Choose the option that brings the greatest good for the greatest number, minimizing harm overall.

Deontological ethics: Focus on duty or rules. Does one action violate a fundamental principle more than the other?

Virtue ethics: Choose the option that aligns best with moral virtues such as compassion, fairness, and wisdom.

Consult others: If possible, seek advice from trusted friends, mentors, or colleagues. Others might provide a perspective you hadn’t considered.

Reflect on personal values: Align the decision with your core values. What kind of person do you want to be, and which decision reflects that character?