Quranic exegesis (Tafsir) has a rich history, with various approaches and methodologies developed over time. Here are some of the main approaches:

*Traditional Approaches*

1. *Tafsir bi-al-Ma’thur* (Narrative Exegesis): Relies on prophetic hadiths, companion reports, and early Islamic scholarship.

2. *Tafsir bi-al-Ra’y* (Rational Exegesis): Employs personal reasoning, analogy, and philosophical insights.

*Classical Approaches*

1. *Tafsir al-Tabari* (Historical Exegesis): Focuses on historical context, linguistic analysis, and narrative explanation.

2. *Tafsir al-Razi* (Philosophical Exegesis): Integrates philosophical and theological perspectives.

*Modern Approaches*

1. *Tafsir al-Manhaji* (Thematic Exegesis): Examines the Quran’s themes, motifs, and literary structures.

2. *Tafsir al-Mawdu’i* (Topical Exegesis): Focuses on specific topics, such as social justice or environmentalism.

3. *Tafsir al-Ijtima’i* (Socio-Cultural Exegesis): Considers the Quran’s relevance to contemporary social and cultural issues.

*Contemporary Approaches*

1. *Tafsir al-Tahdidi* (Contextual Exegesis): Emphasizes the importance of understanding the Quran’s historical and cultural context.

2. *Tafsir al-Tajdidi* (Renewal Exegesis): Seeks to reinterpret the Quran in light of modern challenges and realities.

3. *Tafsir al-Muqaran* (Comparative Exegesis): Compares and contrasts different interpretations and approaches.

*Other Approaches*

1. *Tafsir al-Sufi* (Mystical Exegesis): Focuses on spiritual and mystical dimensions of the Quran.

2. *Tafsir al-Feminist* (Feminist Exegesis): Examines the Quran from a feminist perspective, highlighting issues related to gender and equality.

These approaches are not mutually exclusive, and many scholars combine elements from multiple approaches to develop their own methodology.