In Islam, taking an oath or making a statement that contradicts Islamic principles is a serious matter. If a Muslim finds themselves compelled to take an oath that goes against Islamic beliefs, there are several considerations and steps they can take, depending on the level of coercion and the potential harm involved.
Key Principles and Actions to Consider

1. Intention (Niyyah) and the Role of Coercion:
   • Islam places significant weight on intention (niyyah) in determining the validity of one’s actions. If a person is forced to take an oath under duress, Islamic law generally views the oath as invalid, as coercion removes the element of free will.
   • The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized that Allah does not hold someone accountable for actions done out of compulsion. Therefore, if an oath is taken under extreme pressure or threat, it may be considered void from a religious standpoint.
2. Avoidance of Unnecessary Harm:
   • In cases where refusing to take the oath could lead to severe harm, such as physical danger, financial ruin, or unjust punishment, Islamic jurisprudence may permit taking the oath to prevent harm, based on the principle of “necessity” (darura). This principle allows temporary leniency to prevent harm or injustice.
   • However, the person should try to minimize the use of such an oath and, if possible, clarify their unwillingness or disagreement with its content in a way that won’t exacerbate the threat.
3. Making Amends (Kaffara) If Possible:
   • If a person takes an oath they later regret, Islamic law allows for “kaffara,” a form of expiation, to seek forgiveness. This typically involves either feeding ten needy people, clothing them, or fasting for three days if the first two options aren’t possible. Expiation acts as a way to seek atonement and realign oneself with Islamic principles.
4. Seeking Forgiveness and Repentance:
   • If someone is forced to take an oath against Islamic principles, they should sincerely seek forgiveness from Allah (Tawbah). Repentance includes asking for Allah’s mercy and making a personal commitment to uphold Islamic values in the future.
   • Islamic teachings emphasize Allah’s mercy and understanding, especially when a person’s intentions are sincere, and their actions were beyond their control.
5. Seek Guidance from Scholars:
   • In complex situations involving forced oaths, consulting a qualified Islamic scholar can provide personalized guidance that takes into account the specific context and the level of coercion. Scholars can help determine the best course of action while upholding Islamic principles as much as possible.