Performing Ghusl (ritual purification) is an important practice in Islam that ensures a state of spiritual cleanliness, especially after certain conditions like sexual activity, menstruation, or childbirth. Here are the key rules and steps involved in performing Ghusl:

1. Intention (Niyyah): Before starting, one must make a sincere intention in their heart to perform Ghusl for the sake of purification. This intention does not need to be verbalized but should be a conscious decision to cleanse oneself.
2. Saying Bismillah: It is recommended to say “Bismillah” (In the name of Allah) before beginning the purification process.
3. Washing the Hands: Start by washing both hands thoroughly to ensure cleanliness.
4. Removing Impurities: If there are any physical impurities (like blood or filth), they should be removed before beginning Ghusl.
5. Washing the Whole Body: The entire body must be washed, ensuring that water reaches all parts. This generally includes:
   • Rinsing the mouth and nose (to ensure they are cleansed).
   • Washing the right side of the body, then the left.
   • Ensuring that water reaches the roots of hair and every part of the body, including underarms and between fingers and toes.
6. Sequence of Actions: While it is recommended to wash the body in a specific order, it is not strictly necessary. However, it is traditional to:
   • Begin with the washing of the hands.
   • Rinse the mouth and nose.
   • Wash the face, arms, and then proceed with the torso and legs.
7. Final Wash: It is customary to finish with a final thorough rinse to ensure no area is left dry.
8. Conclusion: After completing Ghusl, one is considered to be in a state of ritual purity and can perform prayers and other acts of worship.

Different schools of thought may have minor variations in the details of performing Ghusl, but the general principles remain consistent across Islamic traditions.