The key differences between Islamic and Western approaches to governance include:

1. **Source of Authority:**

– **Islamic Governance:** Authority is derived from divine law (Sharia) based on the Quran and Sunnah, emphasizing religious principles.

– **Western Governance:** Authority is often based on secular legal frameworks and democratic principles, focusing on human rights and individual freedoms.

2. **Role of Religion:**

– **Islamic Governance:** Religion plays a central role in law and public policy, guiding moral and ethical standards.

– **Western Governance:** Religion is typically separated from state affairs (secularism), with laws made independently of religious influence.

3. **Legal Framework:**

– **Islamic Governance:** Laws are rooted in religious texts and interpretations, aiming to reflect divine justice.

– **Western Governance:** Laws are often based on constitutions, statutes, and evolving societal norms, with an emphasis on human rights.

4. **Decision-Making:**

– **Islamic Governance:** Governance may include consultation (Shura) but is ultimately guided by religious leaders or scholars.

– **Western Governance:** Governance typically involves democratic processes, with elected representatives and public participation in decision-making.

5. **Concept of Justice:**

– **Islamic Governance:** Justice is viewed through a religious lens, prioritizing moral and ethical dimensions as defined by Islamic teachings.

– **Western Governance:** Justice is often framed in terms of legal rights, equality, and fairness within a secular context.

These differences reflect the distinct foundations and priorities that shape governance in Islamic and Western contexts.