Quranic exegesis, or **Tafsir**, involves various approaches to interpreting the Quran. Here are the primary methods:

1. **Classical Tafsir**: This approach relies on the linguistic and contextual analysis of the Quranic text, often referencing Hadith (prophetic traditions) and the opinions of early scholars. Notable examples include Tafsir al-Jalalayn and Tafsir ibn Kathir.

2. **Thematic Tafsir**: This method focuses on specific themes or subjects within the Quran, organizing interpretations around concepts such as justice, mercy, or guidance. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of recurring themes.

3. **Historical Tafsir**: This approach places emphasis on the historical context in which verses were revealed (Asbab al-Nuzul), providing insights into the circumstances that influenced specific revelations.

4. **Philosophical Tafsir**: This method involves interpreting the Quran through a philosophical lens, exploring deeper meanings and implications, and addressing questions of existence and morality.

5. **Mystical Tafsir**: Often associated with Sufism, this approach seeks deeper spiritual meanings and insights beyond the literal text, focusing on personal experience and divine love.

6. **Modernist Tafsir**: This contemporary approach incorporates modern science, sociology, and psychology, aiming to reconcile traditional interpretations with contemporary issues and knowledge.

7. **Comparative Tafsir**: This method compares interpretations across different schools of thought within Islam, examining the diversity of understandings and practices among various Islamic traditions.

8. **Linguistic and Rhetorical Tafsir**: This approach analyzes the Arabic language and rhetorical devices used in the Quran, highlighting the linguistic beauty and intricacies of the text.

Each of these approaches contributes to a richer understanding of the Quran, reflecting its complexity and the diverse ways in which it can be engaged with by scholars and believers alike.